Mozambique
Economic Overview
At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate. Controlled inflation, fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, Mozambique remains dependent upon foreign assistance for much of its annual budget, and the majority of the population remains below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's work force. A substantial trade imbalance persists and more power is needed for additional investment projects in titanium extraction and processing and garment manufacturing that could further close the import/export gap.
GDP Growth rate: 7.9% (2006 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Trade per capita (US$, 2003-2005): 216
Trade to GDP ratio (2003-2005): 72.6
Exports: $2.429 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) | Imports: $2.815 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) |
Exports - commodities: Aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity | Imports - commodities: Machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles |
Exports - partners: Belgium 29.3%, Italy 22%, Spain 12.7%, China 4.1% (2006) | Imports - partners: South Africa 35.9%, Australia 9.4%, China 5% (2006) |
Share in world total merchandise exports: 0.02
Share in world total merchandise imports: 0.02
Share in world total commercial services exports: 0.01
Share in world total commercial services imports: 0.03
Indicators
HEALTH | EDUCATIONAL | ECONOMIC | POLITICAL
GENERAL INDICATORS | ||
| HDI Rank | 168 | |
| GDP (US $ Bill.) | 2004 | 6.1 |
| GDP (PPP US $ Bill.) | 2004 | 24 |
| GDP Per Capita (PPP US $) | 2004 | 1237 |
| GDI Rank | 128 | |
| GDI Value | 0.387 | |
| GEM Rank | .. | |
| GEM Value | .. | |
| Total Population (Mill.) | 1975 | 10.6 |
| 2004 | 19.4 | |
| 2015a | 23.5 | |
| Total Female Population (in '000) | 2006 | 10384 |
| Population living below $ 1 a day in Percentage | 1990-2004 | 37.8 |
| Population living below the national poverty line in Percentage | 1990-2003 | 69.4 |
| Total Fertility Rate (Births per Woman) | 1970-75 | 6.6 |
| 2000-05 | 5.5 | |
| Maternal Mortality Ratio (Adjusted per 100000 live births) | 2000 | 1000 |
| Probability of Female Survival at birth to 65 yrs | 2000-05 | 30.5 |
| Probability of Male Survival at birth to 65 yrs | 2000-05 | 26.7 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth (years) | 2004a | 41.6 |
| Female Life Expectancy at Birth (Yrs) | 42.3 | |
| Male Life Expectancy at Birth (Yrs) | 41 | |
| Population without sustainable access to safe water in Percentage | 2004 | 57 |
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| Combined Gross Enrolment Ratio* in Percentage | 2004 | 49 |
| Combined Gross Enrolment Ratio* (F) in Percentage | 44 | |
| Combined Gross Enrolment Ratio* (M) in Percentage | 53 | |
| Female Legislators, Officials & Managers (% of Total) | .. | |
| Female Professionals & Technical Workers (% of Total) | .. | |
| Adult Literacy Rate (% ages 15 and older) | 2004 | .. |
| Female Adult Literacy Rate ( % ages 15 and older) | .. | |
| Female Adult Literacy Rate (as % of Male Rate) | .. | |
| Female Youth Literacy Rate (% ages 15-24) | .. | |
| Female Youth Literacy Rate (as % of Male Rate) | .. | |
| Net Primary Enrolment Female Ratio (in %) | 67 | |
| Net Primary Enrolment Ratio of Female to Male | 0.9 | |
| Net Secondary Enrolement Female Ratio (in %) | 4 | |
| Net Secondary Enrolment Ratio of Female to Male | 0.78 | |
| Gross Tertiary Enrolment Female Ratio (in %) | 1 | |
| Gross Tertiary Enrolment Ratio Female to Male | 0.44 | |
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| Estimated Female Earned Income( PPP US$) | 1110 | |
| Estimated Male Earned Income (PPP US $) | 1372 | |
| Ratio of Female to Male Estimated Earned Income | 0.81 | |
| Female Economic Activity Rate (% ages 15 and older) | 84.7 | |
| Female Economic Activity ( index, 1990=100, ages 15 and older) | 96 | |
| Female Economic Activity ( as % of male rates, ages 15 and older) | 102 | |
| Female Employment Agriculture (%) | .. | |
| Male Employment Agriculture (%) | .. | |
| Female Employment Industry (%) | .. | |
| Male Employment Industry (%) | .. | |
| Female Employment Services (%) | .. | |
| Male Employment in Services (%) | .. | |
| Women Contributing Family Workers (%) | .. | |
| Men Contributing Family Workers (%) | .. | |
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| Seats in Parliament (Women as % of Total) | 34.8 | |
| Female Suffrage Granted (Year) | 1975 | |
| Elections Contesting Rights (Year) | 1975 | |
| Year of First Woman Elected (E=Elected, A=Appointed) | 1977E | |
| Women Ministers (as % of total) | 13 | |
| Seats held in Lower/Single House by Women (as % of Total) | 34.8 | |
| Seats held in Upper House/Senate by Women (as % of Total) | .. | |
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Source : UNDP HDR 2006
Notes:
.. Data Not Available
a.Data refer to medium-variant projections.
* For Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Schools
